Author Archives: Kathleen

Sulfuric Acid ( H2SO4 ) is one of the most widely used and important acids, being an essential component to many industries. Equally as important is selecting the right material to survive this environment. This newsletter will provide options. WHICH IS BEST? That depends on BOTH concentration and temperature – … Continue reading

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High strength bolts are one of the main reasons engineers look to specialty materials. 17-4PH bolts often fulfill this demand. In this short newsletter we hope to answer many of your questions surrounding the age-hardened stainless steel we call 17-4PH How much strength can 17-4PH provide? 17-4PH bolts can provide … Continue reading

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Q: Can you explain to me what the difference is between cut and rolled threads? A: Cut threads can also be referred to as machined threads. The machining cuts away the material to create the thread form. Rolled threads means the threads are formed by pressing the parts between 2 … Continue reading

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Q: When do you use Titanium Grade 7 Bolts? A: Titanium grade 7 is similar in strength to grade 2 bolts but the material is alloyed with added palladium. This addition gives Titanium grade 7 bolts improved corrosion resistance in mineral acids and strong brines. This is ideal in salt … Continue reading

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Q: Can titanium handle hot saltwater conditions? A: Both grade 2 and grade 5 titanium bolts can be used in temperatures as high as 500°F (260°C). Remember as heat increases this can affect the strength of the material: https://www.specialfastenersbolt.com/titanium-fasteners-flanges.html#Mechanical

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Q: How does Monel K500 Compared to Titanium Grade 5? A: Both Monel bolts and titanium bolts offer excellent resistance to saltwater conditions. Titanium has just a slight edge on corrosion resistance to stagnant seawater compared to Monel – but this is minuscule. The main differences are strength and applications. … Continue reading

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Q: Can Hastelloy bolts provide high strength? A: Hastelloy C276 bolts can provide about 107ksi of strength. They are typically used for high temperature corrosion resistance. For corrosive applications where higher strength is needed, you may also want to consider Inconel 625. Inconel 625 bolts offer 144ksi of strength and … Continue reading

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Q: What fastener material is best for boiling sulfuric acid? A: Generally speaking, for 20-40% concentrations, Alloy 20 bolts will be the best bet for an economic solution. For all other concentrations in boiling H2SO4 you would have to use tantalum bolts, which can be costly. Though Hastelloy bolts work … Continue reading

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Q: I am looking to get some socket head cap screw made – what is the difference between forging, broaching, or EDM’ing the sockets? A. Broaching is a machining process that uses a toothed tool (broach) to remove material. Linear and Rotary are the main types of broaching. EDM (Electrical … Continue reading

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Q: Hi, I need a torque range for a A286 (aged, 160 ksi UTS) 1″-8 hex bolt. The calculator gives a torque value of 826 ft*lbs but is there a range that is acceptable? A: One thing you have to remember about torque, is it is an approximation. You could … Continue reading

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Q: We have a drawing for a 17-4 1″ bolt that we would like to order which can be heat treated to H900 – H1050. Are there any heat treat conditions that we should avoid? I’ve heard H900 can lead to sudden failure? Is this true? A: With the 17-4PH … Continue reading

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Q: I don’t see 316 on your sight but would you know if 316H material can be useed at 1500F? A: I believe 316H will survive 1500F without significant oxidation. However, please be aware, at that temperature, the material will lose a significant % of its strength. The material already … Continue reading

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Q: Am I right in understanding that polymer fasteners are chemically resistant? I know they are not nearly as strong or temperature resistant as a metal, but our temperatures are ambient so would this work for me? A: For HCl, you would want to consider PVDF polymer fasteners. These are … Continue reading

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Polymers at Cryogenic Temperatures Most often people want to know how hot a material can be used up to in an application, however for cryogenic applications, in media like liquified gasses (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, LNG, etc.), we need to understand how materials perform at very cold temperatures. Polymer fasteners … Continue reading

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Q: Which polymer do we offer that would have the smallest compressibility and minimal thermal expansion? We have a very precise laser application. So if the screw changes its dimensions with increasing / decreasing temperatures or loads their device may not be as accurate as it should be. Can you … Continue reading

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Q: I’m designing a process that must be able to handle a high load at about 1000F. I’m planning to use A286, but I now need to know what bolt length size to use to make this machinery stable. I’d like to use as short small of a bolt as possible so how … Continue reading

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Q: Looking for a fastener to bolt together two HAST-X sheets that will be used as part of a furnace fixture assembly. Furnace will be used at temperatures up to 1000°C with cycling from 20°C to 1000°C and back to 20°C over a period of 2 days. This will be … Continue reading

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Q: My customer is asking me for a hex head that is QQ-N-286 per MIL Spec. Do you know what he is asking for? I’m confused. A: Yes we can help. First let’s look at the QQ-N-286. This refers to material Monel K500. Monel is a nickel alloy used for … Continue reading

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Q: We require materials with low outgassing (conforming to ASTM-E595) for use in a satellite and I have yet to find a polymer screw that could meet these requirements. Any ideas? A: I checked PEEK in NASA’s material out-gassing database. It looks like it will most likely meet the 1% … Continue reading

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Q: My customer is asking for a 1/2″ bolt for a high temperature application to 1300F that is to the spec ASTM F2281. What material is this and what is ASTM F2281? A: The specification ASTM F2281 covers several materials including Inconel, Alloy 330 and A286. The spec does not … Continue reading

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Q: Your strength chart for A286 says it offers 120-160 ksi tensile strength. What does this mean? And how can I insure I get bolts that are 160ksi? Is this the spec ASTM A453 Grade 660? A: We can insure you get your bolts made to this tensile strength but … Continue reading

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316 stainless is a familiar alloy to many of us and perhaps one of the most widely used fastening materials. Though it serves a critical function for industry, 316 can often fall short in servicing challenging high strength, temperature and corrosion resistant applications. Here is how it measures up in … Continue reading

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I am bolting 321 stainless steel ducts (we are discussing changing to grade 91 alloy but this is only a possibility), and want to use locknuts to minimize potential for debris. The application is at 900-1050F at the bolts, so I am not sure what locknuts are available at this … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between a general purpose, SAE, USS and oversized washer? Are they all flat washers or different styles. And is one better than the other? A: General purchase, SAE, USS and oversize are all flat washers and all serve the same purpose of distributing the load … Continue reading

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Q: Hoping you can help me out. This seems like a technical screw that you may have knowledge on. My customer asked me for a 1/2″-13 x 2″ Long screw FF-S-86 TY IV, QQ-N-281. I’m clear on the size but what does the rest mean? I don’t even know the … Continue reading

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Q: I have a deep sea marine application that requires saltwater resistance and tensile strength around 125ksi. In addition to the saltwater and strength parameters, I’m also dealing with waters that can be stagnant. Not sure if that makes a difference. Would Monel K500 be a good choice. A: Monel … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a process that requires a titanium hose clamp. I need a clamp that won’t damage the hose and provides a reliable seal as we are dealing with toxic chemicals in a very technical application. Is one type of hose clamp better than the other? A: A worm … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for polymer that can withstand around 400F for a high temperature sterilization process in a pharmaceutical application. In addition, I also need the polymer to meet FDA and USDA purity standards. Is this possible with Torlon screws. A: Torlon screws are a good high temperature polymer that … Continue reading

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Q: I’m currently cruising the internet looking for the best way to support a ceiling via suspension from structural steel. We’re building a freezer, and I don’t want thermal bridging from the inside of the freezer up to the structural steel, so a metal rod is pretty much out of … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature application that requires bolts that can withstand around 1900F. There is almost no corrosive contamination – strictly heat and oxidation resistance are required. I see both Inconel 600 and 310 stainless can be used at this temperature – what is the difference and which … Continue reading

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Q: I’m confused about the difference between a hex head bolt and hex cap screw? Is there a difference? A: Yes these are two different types of fasteners. A hex head bolt is just that: a bolt with a head head. It is typically used when mechanical properties are more … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between an allen, hex and socket driver? A: All these drivers are the same. They can be offered in a socket head cap screw (hence the term socket), pan head and flat head. An allen/hex/socket drive offers a more secure connection than say a flat … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a clamp for a drinking water tank vent screen. We work with many tanks but this tank apparently has a higher chlorine residual so the 304SS worm drive clamps don’t last long. The clamp that we fabricated was a little too stiff so there were gaps … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature application that runs at about 1900- 2000F. Would a ceramic bolt be a good idea. I need to have some strength and Alumina says it offers 75 ksi UTS? Will that work? A: Ceramics are not often a good idea when their are any … Continue reading

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Q: I have a question on 17-4PH H1150, do you know what the tolerance on the material strength is? Ie +/- 10% ? A: For a 17-4 H1150 bolt, we would use the ASTM A564, Type 630 spec to define the strength as 115 KSI Min Tensile, 105 KSI Min … Continue reading

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Inconel bolts are a nickel alloy fastener that are known for their use in high temperature applications that also require high strength. Many grades are also used for their excellent level of corrosion resistance in harsh chemical environments. This brief newsletter highlights the unique attributes of each Inconel bolt … Continue reading

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Q: What’s the difference between Hastelloy C276 and Inconel 625? A: C276 bolts have an edge in corrosion resistance on Inconel 625 bolts. Typically Hastelloy bolts are the go-to in many harsh chemical environments and offer improved resistance most notably in hydrochloric acid. Hastelloy is also renowned for their resistance … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between a Duplex nylon insert and all-metal lock nut? I’ll be using this in an offshore marine application for salt air resistance and strength. A: The main things to consider between an all metal and nylon insert lock nut is the temperature and the corrosive … Continue reading

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Q: My customer is requesting NAS and MS part numbers. What do they stand for and why are they important? A: NAS parts are National Aerospace Standards. NAS parts are best known for their precision and high strength. They come in all types of screws, nuts, rivets, rod end bearings, … Continue reading

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Q: Can you suggest a different material with similar strength-to-weight ratio as the 7075, that can be produced with a diameter M3-0.5? A: Since an M3 bolt is too small to be produced from Aluminum 7075, I would suggest either grade 2 titanium bolts or grade 5 titanium bolts. For … Continue reading

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Q: I need an Inconel 625 screw for a high temperature environment with trace corrosives. I’d need torx head bolt style. How many times can I tighten and loosen this type of bolt before I need to replace it? A: You should be able to get hundreds or even thousands of … Continue reading

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Q: I am looking to purchase dowel pins but are there standard tolerances? A: Yes, tolerances for standard inch size dowel pins would be per the ANSI B18. 8.2 spec. They have a diameter tolerance of -0.00 / +0.0002 and length tolerance of +/-0.010. If different tolerances are required then you would want to … Continue reading

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Q: I need some suggestions on bolting for an application that is running at 610 degree C in a thermal cycling environment (Room temperature to 610 deg C). Is A286 a good fit? A: This will depend a bit on the loads you are dealing with, but one of the … Continue reading

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Q: We are attaching steel to aluminum in a drainage pond application, and need to prevent electrolysis. The aluminum materials are degrading prematurely. Is there a non-conductive bolt that would work for this situation? A: Your best bet is if you can use a polymer bolt like PEEK. PEEK bolts … Continue reading

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Q: I have a customer who is looking for some Inconel flat head screws and specifically called out 100°. Is this the standard? A: Flat head screws, also known as countersunk screws, are able to be manufactured with 6 different angles – 60°, 82°, 90°, 100°, 110° and 120°. The most … Continue reading

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Q: I have a customer asking me for 17-4PH stainless, but says they need it heat treated to H1100. What does this mean? A: 17-4PH bolts are available in many different heat treatment options. This means that different heat treatments such as H1150, H1100, H1075, etc are applied to the … Continue reading

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Q: I am currently using 18-8 stainless steel socket head cap screws coated with MoS2 in a vacuum. I am having problems with the screws clamping force is sometimes loosening and they sometimes gall and jam, due to elevated temperature (700° to 1000° C) and heat cycling. What would be the most cost-effective screw … Continue reading

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Q: We would like to purchase Duplex parts. Can you xylan coat and Zinc nickel Electroplate them since they will be used in sea water? A: It is not practical to coat a Duplex 2507 bolt as it is stainless steel and will not corrode in seawater. Duplex will provide great resistance to saltwater, … Continue reading

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Q: We are currently using A286 bolts per ASTM 453 at 1200F and are having some issues with durability as the tensile strength we originally calculated necessary was 130ksi but seems like we need higher strengths. Any ideas? A: In this type of environment you should consider A-286 in the … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a polymer fastener that can withstand ultraviolet radiation, but is also FDA approved as this is for a pharmaceutical application. Temperatures are around 100C. A: For this application, a good choice would be PVDF fasteners. PVDF screws are both FDA approved and are ideal for handling … Continue reading

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Q: My customer called out a 3a thread for their hex head screws. Is this different from a 2a thread pitch? A: Yes these are 3 different classes of fit for external inch series threads for studs, bolts, and screws 1A, 2A and 3A. 2A thread class is a medium fit, whereas … Continue reading

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Q: We are looking for some socket head cap screws that would be manufactured from a Monel bolt for oxygen environment – What material would you recommend? A: Monel 400 would be a great choice for oxygen compatibility since it has very low spark initiation potential. The ignition of alloys and metals … Continue reading

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Q: I have a customer who needs 316 Stainless Steel B8M bolts. Would Class 1 or Class 2 have a higher strength? A: If a higher strength is needed you would want to use Class 2. B8M Class 2 is carbide solution treated and strain hardened whereas Class 1 is … Continue reading

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Q: I was wondering if it would be okay to use the Tantalum material in a furnace with design temperature of 2600F. It is a heat treating furnace and I need a 4″ 150 ANSI RF flange. A: Generally due to its extremely high price, tantalum is produced as weld overlay … Continue reading

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Hex Cap Screws and Hex Bolts – Are they the same? While most think these parts are the same, they do have some slight differences. Hex head cap screws have a flat washer facing under the head that meet specific tolerances per ASME B18.2.1 whereas a Hex Bolt is flat … Continue reading

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Q: I have a customer requesting a UNJF thread for his Aerospace application. How are these different from a UNF thread? A: This is a great question as UNJ threaded bolts are not interchangeable with a standard UN, UNC, or UNF nut. An internal UNJ thread will assemble to a standard … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working on a project that is using Titanium bolts for our equipment and we are considering a few different sizes and grade bolts; we are considering Gr.2, Gr.5, Gr.7 and Gr.12. What would you typically specify as the maximum tensile allowable (i.e. 2/3*yield) and the maximum shear allowable … Continue reading

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Q: My customer asked for a Hastelloy stud that is threaded first to first. Is this important? A: This is a very important detail. There are 2 options for threads on studs. 1) First to First and 2) Overall Length (or physical end to other physical end). “First to … Continue reading

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Q: Would you be able to quote fasteners, that will used to bolt together multi-piece heat treat racks cast from HX. The racks are used in both solution (water quench and polymer quench) and age furnaces. Our typical temperature range during heat treat cycles is 1300-1800°F but can be as … Continue reading

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Q: I have a request for a titanium socket head cap screw. The customer asked to have this screw made to DIN specifications but I found two DIN specs for a socket head cap screw. What is the difference between DIN 6912 and 912? A: A titanium DIN 6912 socket … Continue reading

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Q: I have a customer who requested a Hastelloy bolt per MIL-DTL-1222. Is this something you can produce? A: Yes we can produce to this spec but first you should know that MIL-S-1222 has been superseded by MIL-DTL-1222. A Hastelloy bolt per MIL-DTL-1222 will cover MIL-S-1222 but the reverse is … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using metric Grade 5 titanium bolts, washers and nuts for automotive application. Since the car will never be exposed to any salt water environments do I need to worry about galvanic corrosion? A: Galvanic corrosion is really only a problem if you have a liquid medium between the … Continue reading

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Q: For a high temperature oxidation-rich environment which would be better Inconel 600 or 601 bolts? A: For this situation it really depends on the temperature range you are dealing with because both an Inconel 600 bolt and an Inconel 601 bolt offer good oxidation resistance. Inconel 600 can service … Continue reading

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Q: I’m dealing with a brackish marine environment where fresh and salt water combine. I need a strong bolt around 120ksi of tensile strength and have been using Titanium Grade 5, but they are quite expensive. I was wondering if there is a more economic alternative that can handle this … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working with a high temperature waste to fuel application that operates at 1000F normally but could spike to 1200F. Currently I am using Grade 8 bolts but I am concerned about the oxidation resistance of them and their stability at high temperatures. Do you have any material recommendations? … Continue reading

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Q: How does titanium compare to Aluminum 7075 in terms of strength and density. I need a really strong material with a low strength to weight ratio. A: A titanium bolt will be more dense than an Aluminum 7075 bolt with a density of 4.51 g /cm3 compared to 2.81 … Continue reading

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Q: I am dealing with near 100% salt saturated brine water @ 195°F. I need material recommendations and price on threaded rod that will survive in that environment. A: Hello, with 100% saturated brine at near boiling temperatures of 195F there are a few materials that can work . Bolts … Continue reading

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Q: I have a food processing application that requires a polymer screw that can get hot – about 300F. My concern is outgassing in the heat that can contaminate the food chemicals. Is there something that will not outgas that can work for me? A: For your application I would … Continue reading

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Q: I work on oil rig repair and we are required to have Hastelloy bolts that meet the NACE MR0175 standard. What is this exactly, and do you offer these? A: To answer the easy question, yes we offer Hastelloy screws per NACE MR0175. Now for the my involved question. … Continue reading

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Q: I have a subsea application that is exposed to extremely rapid moving salt water. Not only is it faced with these corrosive conditions but it must also be strong – 150 ksi tensile strength – in order to withstand these rough waters and maintain the structure’s integrity. Can you … Continue reading

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Q: I’m a purchasing agent and one of our engineers is requesting a 1/2″-13 x 2″ hex head bolt that is material A286 meeting F2281? What is F2281 mean? A: Good question. F2281 is a national standards specification put in place by the ASTM. An A286 bolt that meets the … Continue reading

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Q: I have a process that is running at high temperatures that can fluctuate up to 1500F that requires not only oxidation resistance but also some chemical resistance contaminants. I had tried some C276 bolts for the stray acids but they don’t seem to be working mechanically…suggestions? A: A good … Continue reading

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Q: I have a process utilizing a high concentration caustic solution of sodium hydroxide. Would C276 bolts be a good option for corrosion resistance. A: They could be a possibility but you might want to also consider Nickel 200. Nickel 200 bolts find their niche in corrosion resistance to caustic … Continue reading

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Q: We are in the planning process for a structure that must withstand 160 to 165 ksi of tensile strength. Do you have any suggestions on bolting material? A: An ideal bolt for this application would be a 17-4PH bolt. 17-4PH is a material that is over 4 times greater … Continue reading

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Q: Perhaps you can help. I am looking for a stainless-steel substitute to replace a standard SHCS. I will be fastening a stack of hydraulic valves onto a 6061-aluminum manifold with a 3000 PSI working pressure. I am not sure what the tensile strength needs to be comparable to a … Continue reading

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Q: We are a producer of a preservative agent for livestock feed. Our process requires the use of formic acid. Any suggestions on an anti-corrosive bolt that can handle this acid? A: For formic acid I would typically suggest Hastelloy C276 or Hastelloy C22 but it always depends on concentration … Continue reading

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Q: I am working on two different exhaust systems based on 409 SS. I am looking for a 3/8-16 1” long bolt which can be fastened to threads in 409 SS. Currently, I am using Grade 8 bolts made from 300 M with Nickel Based Anti-Seize. The temperature can go … Continue reading

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Q: I am looking for a bolt that will withstand working temperatures of around 800 degrees. We are having issues using grade 9 bolts that after multiple oven cycles we are having to cut the bolts off due to them being locked up. We need a bolt that will withstand … Continue reading

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Q:We have an anodizing process that sends low voltage current through aluminum bars. We have been using 316 stainless bolts, but over time the electricity heats the bolts up red hot, then we lose clamping force. The tanks contain a solution of 15% sulfuric acid, so there is some corrosion … Continue reading

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Q: I need a material that can stay oxidation resistant at 2000F in a cyclic temperature environment. Any suggestions? A: One of the best choices is Inconel 601, UNS N06601,which is highly resistant to oxidation up to 2200°F and can handle even severe thermal cycling. These Inconel bolts will offer … Continue reading

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Q: My customer is asking me to find them a Super Duplex bolt that meets DIN 912 and ASTM A1082. What does this mean and can you help out with this request. A: Yes, we can definitely help you with this request. Super Duplex is the type of material. The … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working on a medical prototype that requires a strong bolt that is biocompatible. I know I want titanium but not sure which grade is adequate for medical use. A: Typically medical grade titanium screws are produced from grade 23 or TI 6AL-4V ELI or grade 5 6AL4V. A … Continue reading

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Q: I was thinking of ordering some Duplex Zeron 100 bolts for some mild sulfuric acid. How does that compare to Alloy 20? My alloy 20 bolts are suffering some mild corrosion. A: Zeron bolts do offer a higher level of general resistance to corrosive environments compared to grades 2205 … Continue reading

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Q: I have an high temperature exhaust application that requires about 130ksi of tensile strength and is running pretty hot at 1000F. There are also some low concentration acidic contaminants that condense on the bolts during shutdowns, that have caused corrosion in the past on standard 316 bolting. Would A286 … Continue reading

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Q: Please recommend a material for use in 80 deg C oxalic acid solution. The titanium I’m using suffers, and dissolves. My hope is that C276 may work. We do not need high mechanical strength. I’m looking to order M4 and M6 socket head cap screws. A: Probably the best … Continue reading

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Q: How does a Duplex screw compare to a stainless steel 300 series fastener? Would they be better in a saltwater environment? A: A Duplex stainless steel screw offers many advantages over 300 series stainless steel. Duplex is offered primarily in two grades Duplex 2205 and Super Duplex 2507 (with … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature exhaust stream that is part of an air-to-air energy recovery system that experiences temperatures around 1300F consistently and can go up to 1500 intermittently. I need to ensure that the bolts have a tensile strength of 130ksi. Can you help me out with this? … Continue reading

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Q: Because Nickel 200 bolts have much higher nickel content than Hastelloy C276 does that mean they are more corrosion resistant than a Hastelloy bolt? A: No. Though nickel content plays a huge role in corrosion resistance, however there are other elements that contribute to the high level of corrosion … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between using aluminum compared to a titanium bolt for a medical fastener? A: Medical grade titanium bolts – grade 5 – have an incredible strength to weight ratio. They are 60% denser than aluminum but more than twice as strong. This makes a titanium bolt … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working with a high temperature, bi-metallic bolted flange design. The steady state temperature of the flange is 1400 degrees F. The bolt is TZM, which has a lesser CTE than the thru-hole material. I’m looking for a material with a CTE less than TZM to use as a … Continue reading

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Non-magnetic fasteners service a variety of applications mainly where magnetic “interference” needs to be avoided. Cryogenic and medical applications such as MRI’s are just a few of the key places non-magnetic fasteners are needed. This newsletter highlights a few specialty metal fasteners that can service non-magnetic needs. Inconel Bolts Non-magnetic … Continue reading

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Q:How does Nitronic 60 compare to an A286 bolt for high temperature strength? A: That depends on the strength required and the temperature of your application. A Nitronic 60 bolt is known for its high temperature properties up to 1800F. At these extreme temperatures it can offer good resistance to … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a bolt that can handle salt air and be structurally sound with a tensile strength of about 115-120 ksi max – do I require a titanium grade 5 bolt because I know they are costly? A: Probably not at that tensile strength. A Super Duplex bolt … Continue reading

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Q: I have a chlor alkali application that requires high strength of about 110ksi of tensile strength. Heat is not a factor but I’m concerned about the strength. Can you make any recommendations? A: For chlor alkali services one of the best materials is titanium. While a standard titanium grade … Continue reading

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Q: How does a Duplex bolt compare to AL6XN in a hot saltwater situation? A: Duplex bolts are ideal for chlorides and mild saltwater application such as brackish water, salt air and moderate temperature unpolluted seawater. An AL6XN bolt will provide more corrosion protection than a Duplex bolt in marine … Continue reading

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Q: What is the best alloy to bolt to use in a flange on the outside Hydrofluosilicic acid storage tank? A: Probably the best materials for Hydrofluosilicic acid bolting would be a Monel K500 bolt. This material will give you the strength and good corrosion resistance to the this very … Continue reading

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Q: Hi there! I have a set screw in a downhole Oil and Gas application that is experiencing cam out/stripping and seeking a recommendation for a drop in replacement. With 17-4 and stainless steel, galling is a real issue for us. Also with the application being down-hole, if the screw … Continue reading

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Q: Does Inconel 600 provide the same level of corrosion resistance as an Inconel 625 bolt? A: Not typically. For corrosion resistance, an Inconel 625 bolt is one of the more corrosion resistant versions of the Inconel alloys and it can withstand many strong hot acids. While not as corrosion … Continue reading

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Fasteners threads are made by one of two processes. Rolling the threads of the bolt or cutting them. This newsletter will describe each process, as well as the advantages and disadvantages. Rolled Threads This type of thread is made by a forming process where threads are created as the fastener … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a laboratory process that will be exposing bolts to a variety of acids. I’d like a metal bolt that can withstand low concentration hot acids. I was thinking a Hastelloy C276 bolt may be a good option. Are there any acids I should beware of that can … Continue reading

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Q: It says that Alloy 330 is carburization resistant. What does that mean exactly? A: Carburization is when heat hardens a metal. Carburizing is sometimes used in alloy aging processes when your goal is to harden the alloy. On the other hand unwanted carburization can occur at extreme temperatures which … Continue reading

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Q: I was reading that high temperatures will accelerate the rusting of metal bolts. Is there a material that can prevent this. I’m using the screws at 1300F intermittently. A: What you are looking for is an oxidation resistant bolt. When a metal oxidizes it is attacked by oxygen which … Continue reading

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Q:We are currently using mild steel with a black oxide coating and the bolts are breaking down because they are stretching under tension because of the heat, and corrode in various places from our acids.The acids we use here are Hydrochloric (HCl) and Sulfuric (H2SO4), both are heavily diluted with … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve been using Monel 400 bolts for a coastal operation that is built in polluted, stagnant saltwater. I’m been having some slight corrosion – nothing drastic, but wanted to check if there was another material that would last longer. A: For this situation I would suggest titanium bolts. Titanium … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a high temperature, strong fastener. I noticed that Hastelloy C276 bolts can be used to 1500F where A286 screws can only be used to 1300F. Does that make Hastelloy a better choice? A: Typically not. Hastelloy screws are most often used for high temperature corrosion. For … Continue reading

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Q: What’s the difference between Hastelloy C276 and Hastelloy C22? A: Hastelloy C276 fasteners offer very good resistance to strong reducing corrosive acids, as well excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance and resistance to localized attack. They are renowned for their corrosion resistance to various concentrated, hot acids and reducing environments, … Continue reading

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Cryogenic service can be harsh on any equipment, but gaskets have their own specific challenges. Due to the expansion and contraction when temperatures fluctuate between room and cryogenic, gasket sealing mechanisms can be compromised. This newsletter provides answers to issues facing gaskets in cryogenic service. How do cryogenic temps affect … Continue reading

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Q: I want to use A286 fasteners with our product (a force sensor). Will A286 gall with 6Al4V titanium or 15-5 stainless steel or 304 SS helicoils without lubrication. The customer will not allow lubricants. Thank you A: The biggest factor to galling is using similar material on each other. … Continue reading

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Q: We need bolts for a shutdown in our Bleach Plant where Chlorine Dioxide is the attacking agent. Is titanium sufficient or should we be using C276 bolts? A: Titanium bolts are typically more than sufficient. Titanium fasteners are renowned for their resistance to chlorides and chlorines – they are … Continue reading

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Q: Can you explain to me the difference between Inconel 625 and Nitronic 60 in terms of high temperatures? Both seem to be able to handle temps up to 1800F but which is better? A: Well that depends on what you are using them for. Inconel 625 bolts are a … Continue reading

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Q: I am interested in 1/4″ x 2 1/2′ bolts and nuts that can resist oxidation up to 2000F. The application they are needed for would be to hold together a steel frame meant to hold tool steel in position preventing distortion during the heat treating process. I would like … Continue reading

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Q) I have cryogenic liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas in my process and having a really hard time controlling leaks from flanges. All the gaskets I have used don’t seem last very long before leaking and cannot be tightened any further. Do you have any suggestions for dealing with this … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a polymer insert locknut for a marine environment. Can you make any suggestions? A: In your marine lock nut application, the polymer you should consider for the locking mechanism would be PVDF (Kynar). PVDF polymer in combination with the lock nut would perform very well in … Continue reading

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Q: I have an application that needs an alloy to withstand 2100° F with no preload. Would Hastelloy be a good choice? A: Probably not. Hastelloy fasteners have a max usable temperature of 1500°F and is primarily used for corrosion resistance. For these temperatures Inconel bolts are a better choice … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between alloy 330SS and 310SS bolts? A: Good question. Alloy 330 and 310 are fairly similar however there are some differences. Alloy 330 fasteners offer high temperature protection, oxidation and carburization resistant to 2100°F whereas 310SS maxes out at 2000°F. In addition, alloy 330 bolts … Continue reading

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Q:Hi, I’m interested in the JG/JP gasket for a cryogenic application. Can you recommend a material with the highest ductility as I’m concerned about the gasket becoming too brittle? A: To protect your process from loss of ductility, I would suggest using a combination of 316 SS and Graphite for … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high pressure application that exposes my flanges to sulfuric acid? Can you suggest the best flange and material for this situation? A: For high pressure applications weld neck flanges have a beveled end that, when connected to a pipe, creates a trough for a strong weld … Continue reading

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Q: Can you offer advise on a gasket that can help with leaking flange joints? A: If you have a process where you have exhausted all gasket options, try one of Revoseal’s gaskets in high temperature and pressure piping systems. Most issues with older piping systems that will no longer … Continue reading

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Q: I cannot obtain an adequate seal with my existing metallic gaskets because my current flange and fastener maximum yield strengths will be exceeded. Any suggestions? A: JP/JG gaskets, with their unique design, offer and low tightening requirement across the surface of the gasket face in order to obtain extremely … Continue reading

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Q: Can you suggest a gasket that reduces piping costs and how? A: For high temperature and pressure piping systems, the required clamping pressure or Seating Stress ‘Gb’ of the gasket in order to contain the process media’s measure of Tightness ‘Tp’ at specified levels of process pressure, is dictated … Continue reading

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Q: Do I need to consider using internal baffles around my nozzles to protect the gaskets from radiation and gas flow? A: With the Revoseal gaskets, there is no need to incorporate baffles into your nozzle designs, since the unique metallic gasket design isolates the graphite or PTFE sealing materials … Continue reading

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Q: I need a high strength salt water resistant flange for a naval application. Will be in rapidly moving seawater. A: Here I would suggest a Monel K500 flange. Monel K500 is extremely strong as it is age hardened. It offers 160 ksi of ultimate tensile strength. Also Monel flanges … Continue reading

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Q: I need a polymer flange that for a sterilization process. It would need to withstand temps of about 300F. Any suggestions? A: For this situation I would suggest a PEEK flange. PEEK is strong to temps of about 500F and performs excellently in both high temperature steam and water … Continue reading

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Q: What is the Vario gasket design? A: Vario is not a unique gasket at all, it is an adder to the existing JP/JG Revoseal gaskets to add in centering the gasket no matter what pressure class flange that the gasket is being mated to. This save metal costs as … Continue reading

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Q: How do the Revoseal gaskets compare in terms of leak rate to a spiral wound or kammprofile style? A: The Revoseal gaskets perform hundreds to thousands of times better than these types of gaskets. Kammprofile gaskets leak 765 times MORE than a Revoseal gasket and spiral wound gaskets leak … Continue reading

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Q: I need a high temperature gasket that can provide a tight seal to a hazardous application that reaches temps of about 1200F. Do you have a product that can help me? A: Yes. An Inconel JG / JP gasket can give you high temperature resistance at these temperatures. The … Continue reading

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Q: I need a gasket for dissimilar flange faces with an 8mm gap. Is there a solution you can provide to fit this issue? A: Yes. We can produce custom JG / JP gaskets that fit dissimilar flange faces for a tight seal. JG / JP gaskets could be made … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using a spiral wound gasket and am having difficulties with leakage. Can you recommend something that can protect against leakage and handle a harsh salt-rich corrosive environment? A: For this type of application I would recommend a titanium or Titanium JG / JP gasket. This style of gasket … Continue reading

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Q: I have a leaking gasket that is in a heat transfer fluid application. What do you recommend? A: For this situation you may want to try the Revolution gasket system. Due to consistent sealing pressure it will offer you a far lower leak rate than an off the shelf … Continue reading

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Q: We are looking for a non-conductive screw that gets close to the strength of 316 stainless steel, ideas? A: The best we could offer would be our glass fiber reinforced PEEK screws. It has nearly double the tensile strength as natural PEEK at about 22,800 psi. You could also … Continue reading

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Q:Can I get the Eco+ gasket in Duplex Steel? I have a high pressure application A:Unfortunately Eco+ standard material of construction is 316L or 316Ti; however specialty materials like Duplex are available in the JG / JP design. This type of gasket can handle the most harsh environments – not … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for threaded rods and nuts that would need to be able to withstand a potential exposure to ferric chloride and constant exposure to 3% hydrochloric acid which could reach 31% in a rare instance, would this PEEK withstand these chemicals? A: PEEK fasteners work well with harsh … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high pressure steam application that is affected by a lot of hammering (pressure fluctuations). What gasket design can I use to prevent leakage? A: For this application I would recommend the Revoseal Eco+. Not only does this gasket offer 1000x better sealing than graphite gaskets, its … Continue reading

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Q: I need a high temperature gasket that would be able to handle thermal cycling. Any ideas? A: The Revolution gasket is ideal for thermal cycling. The design of the gasket accommodates flange movement that can be caused by thermal cycling and vibration. The corrugated design of the Revolution gasket … Continue reading

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Q: I have a highly corrosive sulfuric acid application that I need a gasket for a Hastelloy flange. Can you tell me which style gasket would work best? A: The JP/JG gasket would be the best for your application. Because it can be made from specialty alloys like the Hastelloy … Continue reading

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Q: I have an application that requires high temperature oxidation resistance up to about 2000F. Any suggestions? A: For these conditions there are two options I would suggest. You could try Inconel 600 bolts which are usable to 2000F. They offer excellent carburization and oxidation resistance. Since your process is … Continue reading

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Q: I need a polymer fastener that offers the best corrosion resistance at high temperatures. I’m using a low percentage of H2SO4 but temps can get up to 300F. Any ideas? A: The best polymer fastener for high temperature corrosion resistance is PTFE screws. PTFE fasteners offer excellent corrosion resistance … Continue reading

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Q: We are researching a bolt to be used in a medical implant? Is there a standard material you can suggest? A: While there are a variety of possibilities depending on the requirements for the screw, a go to material for many implantable fasteners for good strength and biocompatibility, is … Continue reading

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Q: We are using A4 stainless bolting on Hastelloy C22 valves for a process that involves NaCl processing media. We are experiencing corrosion. Can you suggest a bolt that would help eliminate this. Can you make any suggestions? Also could you share the mechanical properties of any suggestions as well. … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a radiopaque material for an xray application. I’ve tried lead but need something that is more intense that could be made into a screw. Is there a material you can suggest? A: Tungsten screws are excellent for radiopaque x-ray applications. Tungsten offers a higher density than … Continue reading

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Q: Do ceramic fasteners provide strength? A: The answer to your question is both yes and no. They provide decent tensile strength similar to some stainless steels(Aluminia bolts has a tensile strength of 30 ksi and Zirconia screws 75 ksi), however they don’t have any yield strength. Due to the … Continue reading

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Q: I need a polymer fastener that can withstand high temp pharma sterilization processes? There may also be chemical contaminants in the process. A: Depending on the temperatures you are looking at, the three options to consider would be PEEK, PVDF or PTFE fasteners. PEEK fasteners can be used to … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve been using 254 SMO bolts and am happy with their corrosion resistance but need a little more high temperature stability as sometimes our process can go up to 800F. Any suggestions? A: 254 SMO bolts are in a class of material called 6 Moly alloys. Another 6 Mo … Continue reading

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Q: I have some 316 bolts that are experiencing slight corrosion from a mild chloride environment. I need an economic solution but a more corrosion resistant material. Any ideas? A: You have a few options here but you should consider a class of alloys called 6 Mo or 6 Moly … Continue reading

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Q: Looking for a bolt rated 320 psi for use at a temperature of 1292F on an Incoloy 80oHT flange? Suggestions? A: Assuming you want hex head bolts and Inconel 625 is probably your best choice at those temperatures. At about 1300F, Inconel 625 bolts (per the chart below) should … Continue reading

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Q: We are having issues with a high temperature flanged joint where the bolts are continually loose when they cool down the system. The issue to me sounds like the bolts are losing tension due to the temps being too high and softening the bolts so they are plastically deforming. … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature exhaust stream that needs an oxidation resistant fastener? Any suggestions, my temperature is about 1400F? A: For this temperature you have a few options depending on the strength you need. One option may be Nimonic 80A bolts which are usable to about 1500F. Also … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using PEEK fasteners in hydrochloric acid but am seeing a slight bit of corrosion or degradation of the fastener. Can you recommend a better polymer for resistance? A: For corrosion in HCL, a better choice may be PTFE screws. PTFE fasteners are virtually inert to most organics, acids … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature sterilization process and am using PVDF screws. They seem to be weakening under the temperatures that approach 300F. Any suggestions? A: PEEK fasteners may be a good fit for your application. PEEK screws stay strong and retain their mechanical properties to about 500F. They … Continue reading

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Q: I need fasteners for an exhaust duct where I want to use bolts to act as a stopper for a blast gate. The max temperature 1650F. Any suggestions? A: In this type of environment, Inconel 625 bolts would be one of the strongest and most temperature resistant materials you … Continue reading

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Q: What would be the highest strength polymer fastener I can use to 400F? A: For this application, probably the best option for you would be PEEK fasteners. PEEK screws are usable to 500F and are available in three levels of strength. Unfilled natural PEEK fasteners offer 16,000 psi tensile … Continue reading

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Q: I need a material with slightly more corrosion resistance than the Super Duplex bolts I’m using. I’m using them in heated salt water for desalination and over time experiencing slight corrosion. Anything that could withstand the salt water better? A: You have a lot of options. One may be … Continue reading

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Q: Can you tell me how the mechanical properties of C276 compare to the A4 stainless? A: That would depend on the grade of A4 you are talking about but as a rough comparison Hastelloy C276 bolts per ASTM B564 would have a MIN Tensile of 100ksi and a MIN … Continue reading

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Q: Can you tell me what the difference is between Inconel 600 and 601? I need a material for high temperature thermal cycling. A: Both Inconel 600 and Inconel 601 bolts are oxidation resistant at high temperatures. The main difference is that Inconel 600 bolts have a maximum usable temperature … Continue reading

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Q: Can you tell me the difference between Hastelloy C276 and Inconel 625? They both seem to be corrosion resistant to sulfuric acid but I also need a high strength material. A: Yes both perform well in sulfuric acid application, but in terms of corrosion resistance, Hastelloy C276 bolts would … Continue reading

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Duplex Steel: Strength & Corrosion Resistance Beyond 316 316 Stainless steel fasteners have many applications, but if you are looking for an all-around improved fastener without breaking the budget, Duplex alloys might be a good choice. Duplex steel fasteners are known for their improved strength (being about 2x stronger) and … Continue reading

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Q: What is the max temperature I could expose PEEK screws to HCl? A: This depends on the concentration of the HCl but if you were at about 15%, the PEEK fasteners can be exposed to about 100C of hydrochloric acid solution. See this chart https://www.specialfastenersbolt.com/peek-fasteners-flanges.html#Chemical. That is the max … Continue reading

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Q: Can you tell me the difference between alloy 330 and 310 stainless fasteners? I’d like a more economic alternative to the 330 but didn’t know if 310 stainless could be used instead. I have extreme cyclic conditions running to about 2000F? A: If cyclic conditions are a concern you … Continue reading

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Q: We are using a bleach solution as part of a medical device application and seeing some rust/corrosion? Any ideas on a fastener material that will not corrode in bleach? Chemicals used are: 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (or 10% bleach), 70% Isopropyl alcohol and Ammonium chloride A: You might want to … Continue reading

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Q: We are looking for high shear strength non-conductive flat head screws being used for electrical insulation. The screws need to have a high shear strength quality as other plastics screws we have tried have broken. Do you have a material you can recommend? A: With regards to a polymer … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using Duplex 2205 for a saltwater application but am starting to have some corrosion due to some sulfuric acid contamination. Can you suggest anything that might help improve the corrosion resistance? A: If you’re on the borderline with Duplex 2205 you might want to consider a Super Duplex … Continue reading

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Can I use Hastelloy bolts in a combination of salt water and acid? I have salt water process that has some sulfuric acid contamination? Can it handle this? Temperature would be around 100F. A: Yes, Hastelloy bolts are virtually inert to salt water environments and the combination of salt water … Continue reading

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Q: Can I use zirconium bolts in boiling HCl. Concentration would be about 5%? A: Yes, zirconium fasteners work well in hydrochloric acid but may be a bit overkill at that relatively low concentration but depends on the temperature and other media it may be exposed to. Zirconium screws do … Continue reading

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Q: How does 254 SMO compare with Alloy 20 and AL6XN? Can it handle sulfuric acid? A: To answer your first question, I’ve ranked each of these specialty alloys in terms of their general corrosion resistance to sulfuric acid: 1. Alloy 20 Most 2. AL6XN Moderate 3. 254 SMO Least … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a polymer that can be exposed to low concentration of sulfuric acid. Which polymer do you recommend? I tried PTFE but they don’t seem to be as strong as I need. A: PTFE and PFA fasteners offer the highest polymer corrosion resistance but the trade-off is … Continue reading

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Q: Are Nimonic bolts a good choice for a high temperature vacuum environment? A: That depends. Typically for extreme temperatures in a vacuum we recommend Molybdenum fasteners. Moly bolts have an extremely high melting point and can be used at much higher temperatures – close to 2900F – ONLY when … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a material that can service a brackish water environment with high strength around 100ksi, would SMO 254 work for me? A: In terms of the corrosion resistance, yes, but for strength you are right on the edge of the capabilities for 254 SMO fasteners. 254 SMO … Continue reading

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Q: Which material would be better suited for a nitric acid environment (Hastelloy C276 or Inconel)? The screws would not be submersed in the acid, but in a room where the screws would be around the fumes. A: For nitric acid fumes Hastelloy C276 bolts would be the go-to material … Continue reading

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