Category Archives: Corrosion Resistance

Sulfuric Acid ( H2SO4 ) is one of the most widely used and important acids, being an essential component to many industries. Equally as important is selecting the right material to survive this environment. This newsletter will provide options. WHICH IS BEST? That depends on BOTH concentration and temperature – … Continue reading

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Q: When do you use Titanium Grade 7 Bolts? A: Titanium grade 7 is similar in strength to grade 2 bolts but the material is alloyed with added palladium. This addition gives Titanium grade 7 bolts improved corrosion resistance in mineral acids and strong brines. This is ideal in salt … Continue reading

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Q: Can titanium handle hot saltwater conditions? A: Both grade 2 and grade 5 titanium bolts can be used in temperatures as high as 500°F (260°C). Remember as heat increases this can affect the strength of the material: https://www.specialfastenersbolt.com/titanium-fasteners-flanges.html#Mechanical

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Q: How does Monel K500 Compared to Titanium Grade 5? A: Both Monel bolts and titanium bolts offer excellent resistance to saltwater conditions. Titanium has just a slight edge on corrosion resistance to stagnant seawater compared to Monel – but this is minuscule. The main differences are strength and applications. … Continue reading

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Q: Can Hastelloy bolts provide high strength? A: Hastelloy C276 bolts can provide about 107ksi of strength. They are typically used for high temperature corrosion resistance. For corrosive applications where higher strength is needed, you may also want to consider Inconel 625. Inconel 625 bolts offer 144ksi of strength and … Continue reading

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Q: What fastener material is best for boiling sulfuric acid? A: Generally speaking, for 20-40% concentrations, Alloy 20 bolts will be the best bet for an economic solution. For all other concentrations in boiling H2SO4 you would have to use tantalum bolts, which can be costly. Though Hastelloy bolts work … Continue reading

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Q: Am I right in understanding that polymer fasteners are chemically resistant? I know they are not nearly as strong or temperature resistant as a metal, but our temperatures are ambient so would this work for me? A: For HCl, you would want to consider PVDF polymer fasteners. These are … Continue reading

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Q: My customer is asking me for a hex head that is QQ-N-286 per MIL Spec. Do you know what he is asking for? I’m confused. A: Yes we can help. First let’s look at the QQ-N-286. This refers to material Monel K500. Monel is a nickel alloy used for … Continue reading

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316 stainless is a familiar alloy to many of us and perhaps one of the most widely used fastening materials. Though it serves a critical function for industry, 316 can often fall short in servicing challenging high strength, temperature and corrosion resistant applications. Here is how it measures up in … Continue reading

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Q: I have a deep sea marine application that requires saltwater resistance and tensile strength around 125ksi. In addition to the saltwater and strength parameters, I’m also dealing with waters that can be stagnant. Not sure if that makes a difference. Would Monel K500 be a good choice. A: Monel … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a clamp for a drinking water tank vent screen. We work with many tanks but this tank apparently has a higher chlorine residual so the 304SS worm drive clamps don’t last long. The clamp that we fabricated was a little too stiff so there were gaps … Continue reading

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Inconel bolts are a nickel alloy fastener that are known for their use in high temperature applications that also require high strength. Many grades are also used for their excellent level of corrosion resistance in harsh chemical environments. This brief newsletter highlights the unique attributes of each Inconel bolt … Continue reading

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Q: What’s the difference between Hastelloy C276 and Inconel 625? A: C276 bolts have an edge in corrosion resistance on Inconel 625 bolts. Typically Hastelloy bolts are the go-to in many harsh chemical environments and offer improved resistance most notably in hydrochloric acid. Hastelloy is also renowned for their resistance … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between a Duplex nylon insert and all-metal lock nut? I’ll be using this in an offshore marine application for salt air resistance and strength. A: The main things to consider between an all metal and nylon insert lock nut is the temperature and the corrosive … Continue reading

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Q: We would like to purchase Duplex parts. Can you xylan coat and Zinc nickel Electroplate them since they will be used in sea water? A: It is not practical to coat a Duplex 2507 bolt as it is stainless steel and will not corrode in seawater. Duplex will provide great resistance to saltwater, … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a polymer fastener that can withstand ultraviolet radiation, but is also FDA approved as this is for a pharmaceutical application. Temperatures are around 100C. A: For this application, a good choice would be PVDF fasteners. PVDF screws are both FDA approved and are ideal for handling … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working on a project that is using Titanium bolts for our equipment and we are considering a few different sizes and grade bolts; we are considering Gr.2, Gr.5, Gr.7 and Gr.12. What would you typically specify as the maximum tensile allowable (i.e. 2/3*yield) and the maximum shear allowable … Continue reading

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Q: I have a customer who requested a Hastelloy bolt per MIL-DTL-1222. Is this something you can produce? A: Yes we can produce to this spec but first you should know that MIL-S-1222 has been superseded by MIL-DTL-1222. A Hastelloy bolt per MIL-DTL-1222 will cover MIL-S-1222 but the reverse is … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using metric Grade 5 titanium bolts, washers and nuts for automotive application. Since the car will never be exposed to any salt water environments do I need to worry about galvanic corrosion? A: Galvanic corrosion is really only a problem if you have a liquid medium between the … Continue reading

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Q: I’m dealing with a brackish marine environment where fresh and salt water combine. I need a strong bolt around 120ksi of tensile strength and have been using Titanium Grade 5, but they are quite expensive. I was wondering if there is a more economic alternative that can handle this … Continue reading

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Q: I am dealing with near 100% salt saturated brine water @ 195°F. I need material recommendations and price on threaded rod that will survive in that environment. A: Hello, with 100% saturated brine at near boiling temperatures of 195F there are a few materials that can work . Bolts … Continue reading

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Q: I work on oil rig repair and we are required to have Hastelloy bolts that meet the NACE MR0175 standard. What is this exactly, and do you offer these? A: To answer the easy question, yes we offer Hastelloy screws per NACE MR0175. Now for the my involved question. … Continue reading

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Q: I have a subsea application that is exposed to extremely rapid moving salt water. Not only is it faced with these corrosive conditions but it must also be strong – 150 ksi tensile strength – in order to withstand these rough waters and maintain the structure’s integrity. Can you … Continue reading

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Q: I have a process that is running at high temperatures that can fluctuate up to 1500F that requires not only oxidation resistance but also some chemical resistance contaminants. I had tried some C276 bolts for the stray acids but they don’t seem to be working mechanically…suggestions? A: A good … Continue reading

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Q: I have a process utilizing a high concentration caustic solution of sodium hydroxide. Would C276 bolts be a good option for corrosion resistance. A: They could be a possibility but you might want to also consider Nickel 200. Nickel 200 bolts find their niche in corrosion resistance to caustic … Continue reading

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Q: We are a producer of a preservative agent for livestock feed. Our process requires the use of formic acid. Any suggestions on an anti-corrosive bolt that can handle this acid? A: For formic acid I would typically suggest Hastelloy C276 or Hastelloy C22 but it always depends on concentration … Continue reading

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Q:We have an anodizing process that sends low voltage current through aluminum bars. We have been using 316 stainless bolts, but over time the electricity heats the bolts up red hot, then we lose clamping force. The tanks contain a solution of 15% sulfuric acid, so there is some corrosion … Continue reading

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Q: I was thinking of ordering some Duplex Zeron 100 bolts for some mild sulfuric acid. How does that compare to Alloy 20? My alloy 20 bolts are suffering some mild corrosion. A: Zeron bolts do offer a higher level of general resistance to corrosive environments compared to grades 2205 … Continue reading

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Q: I have an high temperature exhaust application that requires about 130ksi of tensile strength and is running pretty hot at 1000F. There are also some low concentration acidic contaminants that condense on the bolts during shutdowns, that have caused corrosion in the past on standard 316 bolting. Would A286 … Continue reading

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Q: Please recommend a material for use in 80 deg C oxalic acid solution. The titanium I’m using suffers, and dissolves. My hope is that C276 may work. We do not need high mechanical strength. I’m looking to order M4 and M6 socket head cap screws. A: Probably the best … Continue reading

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Q: How does a Duplex screw compare to a stainless steel 300 series fastener? Would they be better in a saltwater environment? A: A Duplex stainless steel screw offers many advantages over 300 series stainless steel. Duplex is offered primarily in two grades Duplex 2205 and Super Duplex 2507 (with … Continue reading

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Q: Because Nickel 200 bolts have much higher nickel content than Hastelloy C276 does that mean they are more corrosion resistant than a Hastelloy bolt? A: No. Though nickel content plays a huge role in corrosion resistance, however there are other elements that contribute to the high level of corrosion … Continue reading

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Q: What is the difference between using aluminum compared to a titanium bolt for a medical fastener? A: Medical grade titanium bolts – grade 5 – have an incredible strength to weight ratio. They are 60% denser than aluminum but more than twice as strong. This makes a titanium bolt … Continue reading

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Non-magnetic fasteners service a variety of applications mainly where magnetic “interference” needs to be avoided. Cryogenic and medical applications such as MRI’s are just a few of the key places non-magnetic fasteners are needed. This newsletter highlights a few specialty metal fasteners that can service non-magnetic needs. Inconel Bolts Non-magnetic … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a bolt that can handle salt air and be structurally sound with a tensile strength of about 115-120 ksi max – do I require a titanium grade 5 bolt because I know they are costly? A: Probably not at that tensile strength. A Super Duplex bolt … Continue reading

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Q: I have a chlor alkali application that requires high strength of about 110ksi of tensile strength. Heat is not a factor but I’m concerned about the strength. Can you make any recommendations? A: For chlor alkali services one of the best materials is titanium. While a standard titanium grade … Continue reading

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Q: How does a Duplex bolt compare to AL6XN in a hot saltwater situation? A: Duplex bolts are ideal for chlorides and mild saltwater application such as brackish water, salt air and moderate temperature unpolluted seawater. An AL6XN bolt will provide more corrosion protection than a Duplex bolt in marine … Continue reading

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Q: What is the best alloy to bolt to use in a flange on the outside Hydrofluosilicic acid storage tank? A: Probably the best materials for Hydrofluosilicic acid bolting would be a Monel K500 bolt. This material will give you the strength and good corrosion resistance to the this very … Continue reading

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Q: Hi there! I have a set screw in a downhole Oil and Gas application that is experiencing cam out/stripping and seeking a recommendation for a drop in replacement. With 17-4 and stainless steel, galling is a real issue for us. Also with the application being down-hole, if the screw … Continue reading

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Q: Does Inconel 600 provide the same level of corrosion resistance as an Inconel 625 bolt? A: Not typically. For corrosion resistance, an Inconel 625 bolt is one of the more corrosion resistant versions of the Inconel alloys and it can withstand many strong hot acids. While not as corrosion … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a laboratory process that will be exposing bolts to a variety of acids. I’d like a metal bolt that can withstand low concentration hot acids. I was thinking a Hastelloy C276 bolt may be a good option. Are there any acids I should beware of that can … Continue reading

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Q:We are currently using mild steel with a black oxide coating and the bolts are breaking down because they are stretching under tension because of the heat, and corrode in various places from our acids.The acids we use here are Hydrochloric (HCl) and Sulfuric (H2SO4), both are heavily diluted with … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve been using Monel 400 bolts for a coastal operation that is built in polluted, stagnant saltwater. I’m been having some slight corrosion – nothing drastic, but wanted to check if there was another material that would last longer. A: For this situation I would suggest titanium bolts. Titanium … Continue reading

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Q: What’s the difference between Hastelloy C276 and Hastelloy C22? A: Hastelloy C276 fasteners offer very good resistance to strong reducing corrosive acids, as well excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance and resistance to localized attack. They are renowned for their corrosion resistance to various concentrated, hot acids and reducing environments, … Continue reading

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Q: I want to use A286 fasteners with our product (a force sensor). Will A286 gall with 6Al4V titanium or 15-5 stainless steel or 304 SS helicoils without lubrication. The customer will not allow lubricants. Thank you A: The biggest factor to galling is using similar material on each other. … Continue reading

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Q: We need bolts for a shutdown in our Bleach Plant where Chlorine Dioxide is the attacking agent. Is titanium sufficient or should we be using C276 bolts? A: Titanium bolts are typically more than sufficient. Titanium fasteners are renowned for their resistance to chlorides and chlorines – they are … Continue reading

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Q:Hi, I’m interested in the JG/JP gasket for a cryogenic application. Can you recommend a material with the highest ductility as I’m concerned about the gasket becoming too brittle? A: To protect your process from loss of ductility, I would suggest using a combination of 316 SS and Graphite for … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high pressure application that exposes my flanges to sulfuric acid? Can you suggest the best flange and material for this situation? A: For high pressure applications weld neck flanges have a beveled end that, when connected to a pipe, creates a trough for a strong weld … Continue reading

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Q: Do I need to consider using internal baffles around my nozzles to protect the gaskets from radiation and gas flow? A: With the Revoseal gaskets, there is no need to incorporate baffles into your nozzle designs, since the unique metallic gasket design isolates the graphite or PTFE sealing materials … Continue reading

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Q: I need a high strength salt water resistant flange for a naval application. Will be in rapidly moving seawater. A: Here I would suggest a Monel K500 flange. Monel K500 is extremely strong as it is age hardened. It offers 160 ksi of ultimate tensile strength. Also Monel flanges … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using a spiral wound gasket and am having difficulties with leakage. Can you recommend something that can protect against leakage and handle a harsh salt-rich corrosive environment? A: For this type of application I would recommend a titanium or Titanium JG / JP gasket. This style of gasket … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for threaded rods and nuts that would need to be able to withstand a potential exposure to ferric chloride and constant exposure to 3% hydrochloric acid which could reach 31% in a rare instance, would this PEEK withstand these chemicals? A: PEEK fasteners work well with harsh … Continue reading

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Q: I have a highly corrosive sulfuric acid application that I need a gasket for a Hastelloy flange. Can you tell me which style gasket would work best? A: The JP/JG gasket would be the best for your application. Because it can be made from specialty alloys like the Hastelloy … Continue reading

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Q: I need a polymer fastener that offers the best corrosion resistance at high temperatures. I’m using a low percentage of H2SO4 but temps can get up to 300F. Any ideas? A: The best polymer fastener for high temperature corrosion resistance is PTFE screws. PTFE fasteners offer excellent corrosion resistance … Continue reading

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Q: We are researching a bolt to be used in a medical implant? Is there a standard material you can suggest? A: While there are a variety of possibilities depending on the requirements for the screw, a go to material for many implantable fasteners for good strength and biocompatibility, is … Continue reading

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Q: We are using A4 stainless bolting on Hastelloy C22 valves for a process that involves NaCl processing media. We are experiencing corrosion. Can you suggest a bolt that would help eliminate this. Can you make any suggestions? Also could you share the mechanical properties of any suggestions as well. … Continue reading

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Q: I need a polymer fastener that can withstand high temp pharma sterilization processes? There may also be chemical contaminants in the process. A: Depending on the temperatures you are looking at, the three options to consider would be PEEK, PVDF or PTFE fasteners. PEEK fasteners can be used to … Continue reading

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Q: I have some 316 bolts that are experiencing slight corrosion from a mild chloride environment. I need an economic solution but a more corrosion resistant material. Any ideas? A: You have a few options here but you should consider a class of alloys called 6 Mo or 6 Moly … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using PEEK fasteners in hydrochloric acid but am seeing a slight bit of corrosion or degradation of the fastener. Can you recommend a better polymer for resistance? A: For corrosion in HCL, a better choice may be PTFE screws. PTFE fasteners are virtually inert to most organics, acids … Continue reading

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Q: I need a material with slightly more corrosion resistance than the Super Duplex bolts I’m using. I’m using them in heated salt water for desalination and over time experiencing slight corrosion. Anything that could withstand the salt water better? A: You have a lot of options. One may be … Continue reading

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Q: Can you tell me the difference between Hastelloy C276 and Inconel 625? They both seem to be corrosion resistant to sulfuric acid but I also need a high strength material. A: Yes both perform well in sulfuric acid application, but in terms of corrosion resistance, Hastelloy C276 bolts would … Continue reading

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Duplex Steel: Strength & Corrosion Resistance Beyond 316 316 Stainless steel fasteners have many applications, but if you are looking for an all-around improved fastener without breaking the budget, Duplex alloys might be a good choice. Duplex steel fasteners are known for their improved strength (being about 2x stronger) and … Continue reading

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Q: What is the max temperature I could expose PEEK screws to HCl? A: This depends on the concentration of the HCl but if you were at about 15%, the PEEK fasteners can be exposed to about 100C of hydrochloric acid solution. See this chart https://www.specialfastenersbolt.com/peek-fasteners-flanges.html#Chemical. That is the max … Continue reading

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Q: We are using a bleach solution as part of a medical device application and seeing some rust/corrosion? Any ideas on a fastener material that will not corrode in bleach? Chemicals used are: 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (or 10% bleach), 70% Isopropyl alcohol and Ammonium chloride A: You might want to … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using Duplex 2205 for a saltwater application but am starting to have some corrosion due to some sulfuric acid contamination. Can you suggest anything that might help improve the corrosion resistance? A: If you’re on the borderline with Duplex 2205 you might want to consider a Super Duplex … Continue reading

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Q: Can I use zirconium bolts in boiling HCl. Concentration would be about 5%? A: Yes, zirconium fasteners work well in hydrochloric acid but may be a bit overkill at that relatively low concentration but depends on the temperature and other media it may be exposed to. Zirconium screws do … Continue reading

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Q: How does 254 SMO compare with Alloy 20 and AL6XN? Can it handle sulfuric acid? A: To answer your first question, I’ve ranked each of these specialty alloys in terms of their general corrosion resistance to sulfuric acid: 1. Alloy 20 Most 2. AL6XN Moderate 3. 254 SMO Least … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a polymer that can be exposed to low concentration of sulfuric acid. Which polymer do you recommend? I tried PTFE but they don’t seem to be as strong as I need. A: PTFE and PFA fasteners offer the highest polymer corrosion resistance but the trade-off is … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a material that can service a brackish water environment with high strength around 100ksi, would SMO 254 work for me? A: In terms of the corrosion resistance, yes, but for strength you are right on the edge of the capabilities for 254 SMO fasteners. 254 SMO … Continue reading

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Q: Which material would be better suited for a nitric acid environment (Hastelloy C276 or Inconel)? The screws would not be submersed in the acid, but in a room where the screws would be around the fumes. A: For nitric acid fumes Hastelloy C276 bolts would be the go-to material … Continue reading

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Q: Hello I am researching titanium and C276 hardware for a submerged application in a high chloride (20,000 mg/L) elevated temperature environment (125F). Corrosion resistance is more important than shear or tensile strength in this application. A: Titanium screws should be a good choice for your application especially Grade 2 … Continue reading

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Q: Currently I’m using screws made of 400 series stainless steel for use in factory machinery that is moving in a circular path creating a centrifugal force. Our existing bolts are breaking and we’re looking for a bolt with a more rigid type of material that will not break or … Continue reading

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Q: Will Nickel 200 bolts be a good choice for hydrofluoric acid? A: For aqueous HF, Nickel 200 fasteners offer limited protection. If application requires a metal then you may want to consider Monel 400. Monel 400 bolts are the most resistant option for hydrofluoric acid in all concentrations up … Continue reading

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Q: I am looking for recommendations for fasteners capable of operating under load at 2000C, in a mild vacuum environment. The material can be conductive or insulating just along as it does not react with carbon. A: For temperatures as high as 2000C, Zirconia ceramic fasteners would be your only … Continue reading

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Q: Is there a material you can recommend that can handle a high temperature exhaust stream which has trace corrosive chemicals? I’ve tried A286 bolting but am having some corrosion issues. A: When a process demands high temperature corrosion resistance, depending on the temperature and amount of contamination, you might … Continue reading

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Q: I am needing to replace some hex heads and nuts on an HCL tank lid. It appears they were originally coated and due to a previous leak, they are starting to corrode. What would be the best alternative bolt type for this situation? HCL concentration is 37% and is … Continue reading

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Modern day engineering is key to helping the world through this difficult time, and specialty material bolts make it possible. Materials like titanium, PEEK and 17-4PH provide the corrosion resistance and high strength needed for manufacturing and high-tech distribution. This newsletter shows some of the ways Special Fasteners China. & Fastener … Continue reading

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Q: I have the need for a bolt that can withstand high temp brine byproduct from an oil & gas installation. Any suggestions? A: Depending on what temperatures you are dealing with Duplex Steel bolts may be a good fit. Duplex bolts provide good localized resistance to brines and chlorides. … Continue reading

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Q: I need a bolt that can handle a chemical processing situation where there are not only corrosive chemicals but also high temperatures that can fluctuate. Max temp is around 1200F. What would you suggest? A: Not knowing the chemicals you are using makes it tough, but for high temperature … Continue reading

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Q: I need a material that is resistant to a small concentration of hydrofluoric acid at room temperature? Can you offer any suggestions? A: Two materials come to mind. First in terms of metal alloys Monel 400 bolts are resistant to most concentrations of hydrofluoric acid. If you prefer a … Continue reading

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Q: I have a process that utilizes about 10% hydrochloric acid with trace amounts of other chemicals. I tried zirconium bolts because they are known for HCl but we’re burning through them like crazy and I can’t figure out why they are corroding. Any ideas and what other material may … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve been using Monel 400 for a saltwater application but I’m having issues with bolts notwithstanding the application pressure. Is there a saltwater resistant fastener that can give me higher strength? A: Yes for higher strength saltwater resistance you have two options. Monel K500 bolts are an age hardened … Continue reading

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Q: We are having some issues with corrosion in a highly sensitive pharma application. I need a bolt that is corrosion resistant to both acids and organics, but is usable in a high purity situation. Temperatures can reach about 120F. Also, it would need to be a polymer screw available … Continue reading

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Q: I have an application that is exposed to mainly chloride but has some other acid contamination. Can I still use titanium to protect for corrosion. A: Though titanium fasteners are highly resistant to chloride – almost immune – they typically do not work well with many other mixed acid … Continue reading

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Q: We currently use Titanium screws, and I would like to know pricing and lead time to replace them with Tantalum screws to improve their resistance to HCL. A: What concentration and temp are you at with the HCl? See the HCl Iso-Corrosion curve for Hastelloy C276. Tantalum screws will … Continue reading

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Q: We are installing bolts into a refinery wharf. After doing a test run on a few A316 stainless steel bolts, they came back heavily corroded. Do you have an coating that can be used for salt water applications that would prevent this? Or do can you advise on another … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a unique type of screw called a snake eye screw. I noticed that you work with specialty alloys and I’m looking for this part made of hastelloy – is this possible? A: A snake eye screw is another name for a spanner security screw. Depending on … Continue reading

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Q: I have a hazardous application that involves sulfuric acid. We need to prevent anyone from tampering with this application. Can you help me out with a solution? A: Yes. First regarding the sulfuric acid, you’ll need a bolt that can resist this type of environment. Depending on the concentration … Continue reading

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Q: I have a need for a marine resistant fastener that I can use to fasten equipment to concrete. Is there a bolt you can recommend? A: For concrete fastening one of the best solutions is a wedge anchor bolt. This style of bolt features an expansion mechanism which expands … Continue reading

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Q: I need a large quantity of fasteners that can offer about 100ksi of tensile strength and provide me resistance to seaspray and salt air. Is titanium a good choice? A: Titanium grade 5 bolts will meet both these requirements, but will probably be overkill in your situation. For this … Continue reading

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Q: We’re in need of bolts for an oil & gas refinery. How can I be sure you your materials meet technical requirements. A: We can provide fasteners that meet NACE MR0175 and NACE MR0103 specific requirements for different metallic materials. When requesting a quote, please ask for all necessary … Continue reading

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Q: Can I use Hastelloy C276 bolts for protection from Nitric Acid? A: Typically this is not recommended. Though C276 bolts are highly corrosion resistant to many acids, it is not very resistant to strong oxidizers like nitric acid. Materials with higher chromium content like Incoloy and possibly Hastelloy C22 … Continue reading

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Q: We’re using sodium hydroxide as a water treatment chemical to raise the pH of water but are experiencing corrosion. Is there a material that can handle this? A: Typically for caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) corrosion, you might want to consider Nickel 200 bolts. Nickel 200 is best known for … Continue reading

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Fasteners for CHLORIDE CORROSION Fighting chloride corrosion is one of the most common issues that face industrial processes. From industrial process in water treatment to pulp & paper as well as seawater applications, chlorides are very common and menace to industry. This brief newsletter shares insight into which materials for … Continue reading

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Q: Can you provide the torque specification for a Hastelloy C276 4-40 socket head cap screw and a Nickel 200 4-40 socket head cap screw? A: The torque tables are developed for screw heads that have no limitations on torque. Unfortunately the socket head drives will likely cam-out before you … Continue reading

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I am looking for the best available material solution for Oil&Gas industry with occasionally presence of H2S. For now we are using A286 but I am not sure about its H2S resistance. What kind of material you can recommend that is comparable to A286 and is H2S rated? When … Continue reading

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Q: We are installing denso jackets around several steel piles at a wharf. The jackets are going to be held together by A316 stainless steel bolts. After doing a test on a few, they came back heavily corroded. Can you suggest a material that can handle the salt water? A: … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using aqueous Hydrofluoric acid in a silicon etching process but amy Nickel 200 bolts aren’t holding up. Is there a better material I can use? A: Nickel 200 fasteners are excellent for use in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, but in the aqueous form of HF acid they offer limited … Continue reading

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Q: I work in a plant that manufactures paper. We’re treating pulp with a solution containing sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide to dissolve the wood materials and produce cellulose to make paper. Can you suggest a material that can give our bolting some corrosion protection and better longevity. Some of … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a chlor alkali process to produce sodium hydroxide. We would like bolts that have a strong resistance to the NaOH. Should I try hastelloy? A: In terms of caustic alkaline solutions, such as sodium hydroxide, your best bet would be Nickel 200 bolts which are known to … Continue reading

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Q: We are providing the Navy components made of Navy G Bronze that incorporates shoulder bolts and set screws. The assembly will be exposed to air, salt water, modest temperatures (0C to 80C), and limited stress. What alloy do you recommend? A: Sounds like a Monel 400 might be a … Continue reading

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PEEK, PVDF and PTFE all offer lightweight, electrical & thermal insulation and great corrosion resistance. But when it comes to strength, temperature, purity and corrosion, each has its niche. The newsletter points out which is best to use in different conditions. TEMPERATURE PEEK and PTFE screws offer excellent high temperature … Continue reading

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Q: For a marine project will 316SS cold worked (grade A4-80) hold up in strength pretty close to Monel K500? And what is the price comparison? A: Thanks for contacting and good question. The major difference is the strength and corrosion resistance. You will have decent strength of a A4-80 … Continue reading

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Q: We have on application that utilizes an HCl tank and are currently using hastelloy C276 bolts but they are not sufficient. Should we try tantalum fasteners or anther material like PEEK? The bolts are for a flanged valves connections concentration is 36%, temperature 45oC. A: Though the HCl is … Continue reading

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Q: I need a material that offers about 80-90ksi yield but is also corrosion resistant to low concentrations of sulfur acid. I’m tried 17-4Ph but its not working? Any ideas. A: Yes, 17-4PH fasteners are excellent for high strength like you need, but are not really geared for corrosion resistance … Continue reading

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Titanium is an amazing material offering strength, lightness of weight, and corrosion resistance but there are also instances that titanium should not be used. This brief newsletter covers the do’s and don’ts of titanium screws. Do Use for Saltwater & Chloride Resistance One of the most noteworthy uses of titanium … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for a polymer washer that can be used as a dielectric break between aluminum and titanium. It will also be exposed to salt water. Is torlon a good choice? A: Torlon washers will work in this situation, but there are probably more cost efficient solution for this … Continue reading

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Q: I’ve been using zirconium to handle a nitric acid solution but am still experiencing corrosion? I’m not sure why or if there is a better option? A: Zirconium bolts offer some of the best corrosion resistance to nitric acid as well as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, even at … Continue reading

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Q: Since Monel is resistant to NaCl does that mean it can handle a strong chloride situation? A: Monel is resistant to chlorides but, for strong chlorides your best bet is to use Titanium screws. Titanium fasteners are almost inert to all chlorine and chloride environments due to the fact … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature application that can reach close to 1800F that requires not just corrosion resistance from low levels of acid and salt contamination, but I also need good strength. Would Alloy 310 bolts work? A: Alloy 310 bolts could be a possibility, depending on the strength … Continue reading

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Salt water is great for swimming, but provides industry a wide range of corrosion challenges from marine vessels to desalination plants, and even off-shore oil. The good news is there are several materials that perform very well in these environments. This newsletter compares them on their salt water corrosion resistance … Continue reading

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Q: I have a laboratory applications that uses about 25% sulfuric acid at room temperature to 100F. I’d like to use a polymer rather than a metal if possible. I tried PTFE screws because I thought they were corrosion resistant, but they need to be replaced often because they can’t … Continue reading

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Q: I’m dealing with a moderate chloride environment but my temperature can sometimes reach 450F. I’ve tried titanium bolts but am having some corrosion issues. Is there another material I can use? A: There are several potential choices but as the temperature increases the corrosion rate and aggressive nature of … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working in a reverse osmosis facility that purifies seawater for drinking water. We are experiencing some corrosion in some of our valve attachments which I’m assuming is from the salt water. Any recommendations on a fastener that won’t corrode in these conditions? A: Your best bet would be … Continue reading

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Q: We have on application in one HCL tank and we are using hastelloy bolts but they are not efficient. So I ask the quotation for material tantalum in metals or other material like PEEK, please advise what is the better solution. A: It depends on the temperature of the … Continue reading

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Q: I have a hot sulfuric acid application that utilizes approximately 25-32% sulfuric acid. I really need a corrosion resistant bolt but due to the vastness of the operation, I’m wondering if there is a lower cost option than Hastelloy. A: For hot sulfuric acid in your concentration range, we … Continue reading

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Q: I need some bolting to attach some surface steam piping for a power industry project. They’re using duplex bolts now but its showing some slight corrosion. Chlorides are involved and maybe some other contaminants. Ideas? A: Surface steam condensers and other power industry elements that are exposed to salts … Continue reading

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Q: We’re making some changes in our waste water treatment process and are going to using hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a means of lowering the pH levels. Will I need to upgrade my duplex bolting? A: Assuming your waster water is at ambient temperatures the only thing you need to … Continue reading

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Q: I read that titanium regenerates a protective layer quickly in presence of water. Does that mean its okay to use it with sulfuric acid with steam present? A: Titanium fasteners are probably not the best solution for sulfuric acid but may work depending on your concentration and temperature. Titanium … Continue reading

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Q: We have some machinery operating in salt fog with sea spray as well. Salt corrosion is an issue but most importantly I need bolts with a yield strength over 100ksi. Any thoughts? A: For this environment you have two options. First, with a yield strength of 110ksi I’d suggest … Continue reading

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Q: I have a situation where I’m not only dealing with a hot steam environment which can reach 700F but there is also sulfuric acid condensation that can form during cool down periods. Are their any materials that can handle heat and corrosion? A: Typically when dealing with sulfuric acid … Continue reading

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Q: I’m having trouble with corrosion of our bolts in a sour gas well environment and we are currently using a super duplex stainless steel. Can you help me with a bolting material that would be improved? A: Hastelloy C276 bolts are ideal for sour gas environments and would be … Continue reading

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I’m running some laboratory testing in a mixed acid environment and would like to use a corrosion resistant polymer as apposed to a metal. I’ve tried PEEK screws but am still struggling a bit with some acids. Is there anything better? PEEK screws provide reasonable corrosion resistance to most acids … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a coastal power operation and am having some corrosion on my stainless steel bolts that are outside. Can salt air do that? And any suggestions on a material. I need high volume so I need to go with something economic. A: Salt air can cause corrosion. If … Continue reading

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I’m looking for a non-corroding and magnetic washer for use in a salt water environment. Specifically, we plan to weld this washer onto a 316 stainless basket so that it can be attached to a magnet. Currently we are using 302 stainless baskets, which are magnetic enough to attach to … Continue reading

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Q: I need a salt water corrosion resistant screw that will work well to fasten an aluminum housing for deep sea equipment. I am concerned about galvanic corrosion. What material should I consider? A: Since you are using fasteners in an ocean environment and in contact with aluminum you have … Continue reading

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Q: We are altering the chemicals we use to regulate the pH level of our manufacturing process with hydrochloric acid. I’m using some Inconel 625 bolting – will this work in the HCl too? A: Inconel 625 bolts offer a high level of corrosion resistance for many acids, may work … Continue reading

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Q: I have some machinery exposed to salt water as well has drastic temperature swings. I’m concerned about corrosion but also a material that will become brittle. A: Monel 400 bolts are an excellent material for salt water corrosion protection and is a go-to material for many marine applications. As … Continue reading

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Q: I’m dealing with a stagnant seawater situation. I’ve tried Monel 400 bolts because of its salt water resistance but am experiencing mild pitting corrosion. Any material that would fair better? A: Monel 400‘s only Achilles heel in terms of salt water situations usually occurs in stagnant waters where is … Continue reading

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Q: I have a process where I’m experiencing corrosion from my industrial water system. I’ve tried Hastelloy C276 bolts but they are corroding much faster than I would expect. The water only has low levels of Hydrofluoric Acid (HF). Any ideas would be great. A: Hydrofluoric acid is an unusual … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a chlor-alkali process and have been using Duplex 2507 bolts. I choose them for their yield strength and corrosion resistance but am still having issues with the chlorine. Ideas? A: Many chlor alkali processes use Titanium fasteners for its combination of high strength and chlorine resistance. Grade … Continue reading

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Q: I’m in need of a high strength fastener that can withstand moderate concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl) 25%? Can I use Hastelloy Bolts? I need a bolt that can handle a yield of about 100ksi and temperatures around 100F. A: Hastelloy bolts are definitely ideal in this concentration of … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using a caustic soda solution to remove sulfur in a petroleum refinery. The steel bolts are NOT cutting it. Any suggestions? I don’t have a huge budget, so I’m hoping I don’t need Hastelloy or Tantalum fasteners? A: Nope…You don’t need anything that highly priced. For this situation … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a cotton mercerizing process that is being altered to utilize sulfuric acid. I didn’t realize how corrosive using sulfuric acid (H2So4) is on my fasteners. Any ideas on how to protect my bolts. Not super hot, just corrosive. A: Alloy 20 bolts are a good choice for … Continue reading

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Q: I’m producing nitrobenzene to be used in dye manufacturing. The nitrobenzene is prepared by the nitration of benzene with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid, water, and nitric acid. I’ve tried Hastelloy C276 but its not working so well. A: Hastelloy C276 works very well in sulfuric acid which … Continue reading

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Q: We’re setting up a salt brine application for a chemical project. There may be some minimal exposure to some acids. Can I uses titanium bolts? A: Titanium Gr2 and Titanium Gr5 (6Al-4V) fasteners are excellent for almost all salt related environments, but here since you may have exposure to … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a chemical cleaning process on stainless steel to remove the oxides and to enrich the chromium depleted areas again surface. It’s an acid pickling process, where mixtures of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and nitric acid (HNO3) are used. I’ve tried Hastelloy C276 bolting on my tanks because I thought … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using a pretty corrosive wet process to produce phosphoric acid. It involves taking phosphate rock and the addition of concentrated (93%) sulfuric acid in a series of well-stirred reactor. Any ideas on bolting that won’t corrode my bolts and fasteners? A: Since your process is exposed to both … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using HCl in a pickling process and have used Hastelloy C276 bolts to protect my equipment but am still having corrosion issues. Any ideas? A: In pickling processes ferric chloride is created which is a strong oxidizer and most pickling process are at elevated temperatures – Hastelloy C276 … Continue reading

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Q: I’m operating a FGD (Flue Gas Desulphurization) plant and am experiencing some mild corrosion on my scrubber bolting. I’m currently using Incoloy 825 bolts. It’s mild corrosion but non-the-less I’d like to have it cleared up before I get additional issues. Any suggestions? A: Since scrubber liquids and gases … Continue reading

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Q: I have a question regarding a type of fastener that can handle sterilization. What I need is a polymer if possible that can handle both steam and radiation sterilization processes, but doesn’t leach into my process. Contamination is an issue. A: You can definitely use a polymer for this … Continue reading

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Q: We have a corrosive application and we are debating on using coated carbon steel bolts and nuts or a solid corrosion resistant alloy. Obviously the coatings cost a lot less but we are unsure about how the coatings affect mechanical strength. A: Coated bolts and nuts are typically undersized … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a lithium extraction process where a mineral called spodumene is roasted in a mixture of sulphuric acid (95-97%) at at about 150°C to form lithium sulfate. I’ve to use Hastelloy C276 for some process equipment but I’m still experiencing corrosion. Please help. A: Hastelloy C276 bolts typically … Continue reading

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Q: I am considering using Inconel 718 fasteners with a Monel K-500 flange in seawater. I’m concered as Inconel is the more anodic of the two and is also has a smaller surface area. Would this cause galvanic corrosion? A: This is a great question. In this case if you plan … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a municipal solid waste incinerator and am having trouble corrosion from a combination of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid that is derived from chloride and sulfur containing compounds in the waste fuel stream. I was using Duplex steel bolts for the chloride corrosion but they aren’t holding up … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a municipal solid waste incinerator and am having trouble with corrosion from a combination of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid that is derived from chloride and sulfur containing compounds in the waste fuel stream. I was using Duplex steel bolts for the chloride corrosion but they aren’t holding … Continue reading

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Q: I’m designing laboratory equipment that will be utilized at 325-400F and I need screws that have immunity to organics and low concentrations of acids, as well be FDA approved. Would that be a ceramic? A: You probably don’t want a ceramic screw. Though they are corrosion resistant and offer … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a hydro-treating process that is running at 350-390°C where we’re producing H2S and NH3. Any ideas on a bolt that can handle the temperature and chemicals? A: In this type of process you having to deal with high temperatures and the formation of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) from the H2S especially … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high strength application that requires resistance to damp salt air and occasional sea splash, I’m using Monel 400 but it’s not holding up the the 75ksi of yield I need. Lots of broken bolts? Is is corrosion or strength? Thoughts? A: Your issue isn’t the corrosion. … Continue reading

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Q: Is AL6XN a steel or nickel alloy? Trying to figure out if it would perform as well as Monel in seawater. A: To answer your first question, AL6XN bolts are actually both a nickel and a steel alloy. AL6XN is often described as a high nickel content stainless alloy. Though … Continue reading

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Q: I need bolts for a well pump exposed to sour gas? I’ve currently use Incoloy 825 bolts which works reasonably well, but I’m wondering if there is a better choice that is more economical and could offer equal or better corrosion resistance – any ideas? A: A great nickel alloy bolt … Continue reading

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Q: I’m looking for guidance on fasteners with good resistance exposure to sodium hypochlorite. The material would need to be bleach-resistance, but also have a tensile yield strength of over 80ksi.

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Nickel alloys are a special class of metals containing high levels of nickel (often greater than 20%). They play a key role in industry for their unique combination of high strength, corrosion resistance to harsh acids (like hydrochloric and sulfuric) and high temperature stability. This two-part newsletter will help summarize the distinct benefits of the … Continue reading

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Oilfields are subjected to a diversity of corrosive elements including carbonic acids, sour gas (H2S), and fracking/stimulant acids such as hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid. Naphthenic acids and simple organic acids are also found in crude oil extraction. In conjunction to acids, these environments contain sand and other abrasive elements which … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high temperature application which is exposed to sulfur and chloride gasses. We’re operating at between 1200° and 1400°F. Any suggestions on a bolt material to consider? A: To deal with both sulfuric/chloride atmospheres as well as high temperatures, you may want to consider Incoloy 800HT bolts … Continue reading

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Q: I’m building some lab equipment what will be housing hydrochloric acid. I need a non-metal fastener that is corrosion resistant . Can you make a recommendation? A: In terms of a material that is not metallic and can handle hydrochloric acid, I would suggest either PTFE or PVDF. PTFE … Continue reading

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Special Fasteners China. offers hose clamps in Titanium and Hastelloy C276. This newsletter overviews the two styles available – worm drive and medium duty – as well as highlight what materials are best for your application. Titanium Grade 2 hose clamps are in stock and available in the sizes shown here. Hastelloy C276 hose clamps are custom made to order … Continue reading

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Q: Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C276 bolts seem to have similar Nickel content. Does this mean these fasteners will perform the same in a corrosive environment? A: Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C276 bolts do offer similar corrosion resistance but Hastelloy C276 has a slight edge in many acidic environements, especially … Continue reading

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Q: I have down hole application containing sour gas and high chloride levels. The temperature the bolts are exposed to is around 150F and I’m having trouble with cracking. I tried Super Duplex 2507 but am still having issues. Any ideas? A: Super Duplex 2507 does provide good resistance to … Continue reading

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Q: I need a material that will be suitable for oil and gas use. Submersion in hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, salt water at temperatures up to 325F. Crevice corrosion has been a factor. Also need 170ksi min tensile strength. Plus we’d like to torque a 3/8-24 fastener to 50 … Continue reading

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Q: I was planning on using Hastelloy C276 in hot sulfuric acid. It would be approximately 50% concentration around 100F +/- 10 degrees. Will this be okay? I’m just concerned because I read that it cannot handle strong oxidizing environments and I’ll be using it in an application where its … Continue reading

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Q: I have a salt water environment with high velocities and a lot of debris including sand, dirt and particles. Because of the amount of debris, I’m concerned about what material would work best. A: Both Monel and Titanium can be good choices in this situation. Both perform extremely well … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using sodium hypochlorite to control slime and bacteria formation in a power plant water system. It’s in about a 15% solution. I tried using Duplex fasteners thinking they are good with chlorides but I’m having corrosion issues. Any suggestions? A: I think the problem you have is the fact … Continue reading

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Q: We are running a steel pickling process are considering switching from a sulfuric acid process to hydrochloric acid. Our system currently uses Inconel 625 bolting. With this be sufficient? A: Inconel 625 is a good material for acid corrosion but for large system of hydrochloric acid, especially with the … Continue reading

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Q: I chose Tantalum bolts for their corrosion resistance and high temperature capabilities and they are breaking. I’m running an application that fluctuates between 350 Celcius where there could be concentrated sulfuric acid contamination. I thought these would be excellent with high temperature acid exposure. Can you help me? I … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using zirconium fasteners in a sulfuric acid process but they are showing corrosion. I’m not sure why as I’m well below boiling and only using 40% concentration. There may be some downstream contaminants, but not much. Any ideas? A: It is most likely the contaminants that are causing … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a steam surface condenser which is installed on a steam turbine in a thermal power station. I’m using sea water that could be contaminated with chemical pollutants cooling water side of the condenser. Any ideas on a good fastener for the tubes and water boxes? A: Duplex 2205 … Continue reading

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Q: I’m using hydrogen fluoride used in a manufacturing process to make refrigerants. I know it’s very corrosive and have tried both hastelloy and inconel fasteners, which I thought were super corrosion resistant. What am I doing wrong because the acid is still eating them? Should I try Tantalum? A: … Continue reading

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Q: I’m working on a on a geothermal energy drilling project. Carbon steel we’re currently using to bolt drilling components is failing from corrosion. We have corrosive an environment with high levels of sulfur and salt, as well as temperatures to 260C. Any suggestions? A: Super Duplex 2507 is often used … Continue reading

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q: What bolting material should be used with Inconel 625 flanges? We used ASTM A193 Gr B7 however noticing some corrosion issues. A: This is a very common problem but to answer it accurately, it depends on the environment that your flanges see and also to a certain extent what … Continue reading

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They rhyme, are both used in extreme environments, and are both nickel metal alloys, but Monel and Inconel are actually very different. But how? Let’s start with basic chemistry. Monel is a nickel-copper alloy and Inconel is a nickel-chromium alloy. So what does that mean for your extreme application? We … Continue reading

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Q: I’m running a semiconductor wet chemical etching process that utilizes 85 % phosphoric acid at around 150-160°C. I need a material that can withstand this process. Super Duplex hex bolts are not cutting it. A: At that particular concentration and temperature high performance nickel alloys like Hastelloy C276 bolts … Continue reading

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Q: I have a waste water purifying situation where I’m using chlorine to treat the water. In addition to the acidic solution produced the fastener will also experience high loads, so I’m also concerned with stress corrosion cracking. Currently Super Duplex 2507 is not doing the job. Any recommendations on … Continue reading

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Q: We have a pulp & paper digester that is used to cook wood chips in an alkaline solution. The fasteners will be exposed to high temperatures and abrasive conditions. Any suggestions? A: Without knowing the specifics of your process, I can make two general material suggestions. Duplex 2205 fasteners are … Continue reading

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Q: Is there any advantage of using a Hastelloy B3 fastener over a B2 fastener? A: Both Hastelloy B2 and B3 fasteners provide good resistance to non-oxidizing acids, such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. The only advantages of Hastelloy B3 fasteners over B2, is that they offer enhanced thermal stability … Continue reading

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Q: I’m currently using Monel 400 hex head bolts in salt water. Should I be using K500? What’s the difference? A: Basically, Monel K500 is a precipitation hardened version of Monel 400. This means the material goes through a heat treating process that changes the alloy’s structural matrix to increase its tensile and … Continue reading

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Q: I have a seawater application where the water can be stagnant or polluted. Is Monel bolts the best choice? A: For stagnant seawater application we would usually suggest Titanium over Monel fasteners. Although Monel is very resistant to saltwater, it can experience pitting corrosion in stagnant water situations. There have … Continue reading

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Q: I have a high pressure application with HCl at fluctuating temperatures. Can you recommend the best flange to provide a safe secure joint? A: Hands down, the weld neck flange is best for these types of hazardous, high pressure applications. Weld neck flanges are easily identified by their long … Continue reading

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Q: When do you recommend to use a threaded flange? I need a flange that can be changed easily & frequently. A: After speaking with the customer, I found out that he has a pilot plant where he will be frequently changing parts. In this case a threaded flange is … Continue reading

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Q: When is it best to use a lap joint flange? A: Lap joint flanges are good for very expensive materials like tantalum and zirconium and other specialty alloys like Hastelloy or Inconel due to reduced cost of sleeve vs solid flange. Lap joint flanges are unique in that they … Continue reading

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Q: Need to replace a standard steel washer with a non-conductive material. A: After speaking with this customer, I learned that he needed to replace a standard steel washer with a non-conductive material for a critical bolted joint. These washers needed to withstand 70°C temperatures while maintaining preload. He … Continue reading

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Q: Can dissimilar (also called galvanic) corrosion occurs between Inconel bolts and regular carbon steel? A: Anytime you have dissimilar materials you have the potential for galvanic corrosion. For this to happen the materials need to be wet or in some kind of solution. If they are dry it’s … Continue reading

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